Around 10.3 million students study Afrikaans as a second language. The diminutive of words ending in ⟨k⟩ in Afrikaans is ⟨ie⟩, hence whereas doek in Dutch becomes doekje, in Afrikaans, it becomes doekie. It evolved through the 18th century. In other cases, ⟨ch⟩ is replaced with ⟨gg⟩, compare Tsjechische Republiek ("Czech Republic") in Dutch with Tsjeggiese Republiek in Afrikaans. Unlike Dutch, the names of months in Afrikaans are capitalised, hence 2 June 2016 would be written as 2 Junie 2016,[60] whereas in Dutch, it would be written as 2 juni 2016. Conversely, the Afrikaans cluster ⟨si⟩ in words such as spesiaal ("special") and pensioen ("pension") is pronounced as [ʃi] with an extra syllable ⟨i⟩, but in Dutch, both the ⟨ci⟩ in speciaal and ⟨si⟩ in pensioen are pronounced as [ʃ], although the pronunciation [ʃj] is encountered in the Southern Netherlands.[58]. Het leukste bericht van deze maand kwam van vliegbasis Volkel. The past tense of the passive voice in Afrikaans uses is, the present tense of wees instead of word, hence dit word geskryf ("it is written") becomes dit is geskryf ("it was/has been written"). However, few place names in South Africa of Dutch origin begin with Y, with the exception of Yzerfontein in the Western Cape. For example, the Afrikaans phrase die meisie gooi haar flikkers ("the girl throws her sparkle") was highlighted by the Dutch journalist, Derk-Jan Eppink, in an article in the daily NRC Handelsblad, as an example of differences in meaning. The same is not true with Afrikaans. [81], This also applies to adjectives from which the final "t" has been dropped, for example, while "first" is eers, not eerst, "first time" is eerste keer in both languages;[82][83] similarly, while "bad" is sleg in Afrikaans (instead of Dutch slecht), the "t" is reintroduced in inflected form, hence slegte tye[84] ("bad times") similar to slechte tijden. At the end of words, Afrikaans often dropped the ⟨n⟩ in the Dutch cluster ⟨en⟩ (pronounced as a schwa, [ə]), mainly present in plural nouns and verb forms, to become ⟨e⟩ Compare Dutch leven (life) and mensen (people) to Afrikaans lewe and mense. For example, the Salvation Army is known in Afrikaans as Heilsleër,[74] but in Dutch as Leger des Heils; conversely "Member of Parliament" in Afrikaans is Lid van Parlement, similar to English,[75] while in Dutch, the term is parlementslid or kamerlid. and my naam is Johan, rather than hoe heet jy? On the other hand, when a vowel is an open syllable, a circumflex is added, such as in the English word “world” that is wereld in Dutch and wêreld in Afrikaans. * In some Dutch dialects it is also common to pronounce als as as. Dutch also previously spelled both actueel and actualiteit with a "k".[129]. For example, whereas the diminutive of beet ("bit") in Dutch would be beetje (pronounced [beːt͡ʃə]), in Afrikaans, the diminutive of biet would be bietjie (pronounced [biːki]). As Afrikaans no longer has unmarked and marked forms of words, instead using words derived from the marked forms in Dutch, the Afrikaans words for "there" and "now", daar and nou, are more intelligible to speakers of Dutch than the unmarked Dutch forms er and nu are to Afrikaans speakers. ("how are you called?") In both languages, this suffix is pronounced [lək], with a schwa. Compare nationaal ("national") with nasionaal. Unlike Dutch, Afrikaans has no grammatical gender, and therefore only has one form of the definite article die, while standard Dutch has two (de for both masculine and feminine nouns and het for neuter ones) and Dutch dialects in the Southern Netherlands have a third, den, used for masculine nouns. For example, the Afrikaans sentence ons is uit die Land van Palestina ("we are from the Land of Palestine") would be understood by a Dutch speaker as meaning "us is from that Land of Palestine", whereas the Dutch equivalent we komen uit het Land Palestina would be less readily understood by an Afrikaans speaker as there are no words cognate with we or het. The simple past tense is dropped for all the verbs except for seven modal verbs. It also lacks the distinction between the subject and object form for plural personal pronouns; the first person plural pronoun in Afrikaans differs markedly from Dutch, with ons meaning either "we" or "us", in contrast to Dutch we and wij, hence "we go to the beach" is ons gaan na die strand as opposed to we gaan naar het strand. As a result of the disappearance of consonants found in equivalent Dutch words, particularly ⟨g⟩, Afrikaans uses circumflexes with single vowel letters in open syllables to indicate the long monophthongal pronunciations [ɛː], [ɔː], and [œː], as opposed to the vowel letters without a circumflex, pronounced as [ɪə], [ʊə] and [yː], respectively. [37] Afrikaans also changes ⟨gn⟩, encountered in French loanwords in Dutch like campagne and compagnie to ⟨nj⟩, hence kampanje and kompanjie. Consequently, the sentence ek het die boek vir haar gegee in Afrikaans can be translated into Dutch as ik heb het boek aan haar gegeven ("I have given the book to her") ik gaf het boek aan haar ("I gave the book to her") or ik had het boek aan haar gegeven ("I had given the book to her"). [71] In Dutch, dit is used as the word for "this", whereas in Afrikaans it is the third-person singular impersonal pronoun meaning "it", with dis being a contraction of dit is, similar to "it's" in English. Aside from the mentioned areas, Afrikaans is spoken in Zimbabwe, Zambia, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the Netherlands. The more pronounced are the grammar differences between the two languages. [130] In Afrikaans, flikkers by iemand gooi means to flirt with someone,[131] but in Dutch, flikker means a male homosexual, while flikker op! ("that is my bike, where is yours?") Another difference between the two languages concerns verbs derived from Latin or French, with Dutch using a soft ⟨c⟩ ([s]) and Afrikaans using ⟨k⟩, hence communiceren[41] and provoceren[42] ("to communicate" and "to provoke") in Dutch become kommunikeer[43] and provokeer[44] in Afrikaans, although kommuniseren was also used in 18th century Dutch. and ek heet Johan. [97] The word redakteur ("editor") is used in Afrikaans as well as Dutch, but in the latter it is now written as redacteur. Or your parents just want to show that if they really wanted to, they could make you twins too. in contrast to is dat jouw glas of het zijne? Conversely, wees, meaning "to be" in Afrikaans, is used as the imperative in Dutch, although it is used as the imperative in religious contexts in Afrikaans (e.g. It has also lost the pluperfect, conjugated using had, no longer used,[66] with the present perfect, conjugated with het, being used instead.[67]. [56] The modern Afrikaans word for iron is yster, while in Dutch it is ijzer. [126] However, the latter is described as Nederlandisties or "Dutch-influenced". It is considered a daughter of the Dutch language and was called previously as Cape Dutch because the settlers were concentrated in Cape Town. Afrikaans merged Dutch trigraphs ⟨tie⟩, ⟨cie⟩ and ⟨sie⟩ to a single spelling ⟨sie⟩. Both languages also use ⟨tsj⟩ (also pronounced as [ tʃ ]) in some geographical names, despite other differences in spelling; compare Dutch Tsjaad ("Chad") with Afrikaans Tsjad. Although kus in Afrikaans can mean "kiss", as in Dutch, the more usual term is soen, similar to Dutch zoen,[123] as the homophone kus means "coast". Maybe it’s some sort of parental right of passage to do so. Similarly, van or "of" is also omitted in Afrikaans; compare dit is my fiets, waar is joune? [107] The term Hollanders is similarly also used to refer to Dutch people in general, particularly in a historical context, while Hollands is used either to refer to the Dutch language or as an adjective, hence the expression die Kaap is weer Hollands ("the Cape is Dutch again") to mean that things are back to normal.
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